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Kamuri Tetri

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Description:

                                                 KAMURI TETRI

Tetri Kamuri is an indigenous white grapevine variety of Guria used as a high quality table grape and also for making quality table white wines for local use. 

In literature sources, as well as among the population of Guria and Imereti, this grapevine variety is known by the names: Tetri Kamura, Kamura, and Kamura Grape. 

Written accounts about its origin and evolution are not available; only a brief characterization is found in literature sources from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, for example, in the published work of Prof. Piulia (10), and in the ampehographic work by agr. V. Staroselski (9). Il. Bakhtadze, in the List of Grapevine Varieties of the Former Shorapani District, mentions Tetri (white) and Shavi (black) Kamuri (6). Prof. S. Cholokashvili gave a description of Tetri Kamuri in his work and classified it as a representative of table grape varieties of Guria (4). Agr. Er. Nakashidze (7) also pointed to the distribution area of it and included it on the list of white grapevine varieties of Guria. Based on these authors, acad. Iv. Javakhishvili considered Tetri Kamuri as being an indigenous vine of Guria and Imereti (5). 

Tetri Kamuri was explored in upper Guria and lower Imereti. This grapevine variety is different from the Tetri Kamuri described by V. Staroslavsky in some of its botanical and agricultural characteristics. For example, according to Staroslavsky, the underside of a leaf is slightly coated, the mature sprout is polyhedral and covered with a few bumps, the moustache is 30cm long, the berry – thin-skinned, covered with black spots. He classifies it as usable for making light, sparkling, sweet wines. 

Tetri Kamuri as was found in Guria and lower Imereti, is not characterized with these traits. It is thought that V. Staroslavsky described one of the variations of Kamuri or another grapevine variety by the name Kamuri. 

It is fully recognized how important the exploration is of botanical and agro-biological characteristics to reveal and learn the origin of any grapevine variety and to decide whether it is indigenous or not. For this reason, Kamuri was studied by the authors, after which it was revealed that, with its characteristics (the strength of growth, the duration of the vegetation period, late ripening , type of flower, structure of bunch and grain) it belongs to the grapevine family of Kolkheti. Its old exemplars can be found only in upper Guria wherein the high vineyards of Kamuri were cultivated extensively in the past, for this it is strongly believed that Tetri Kamuri is an indigenous grapevine variety of Guria. 

Before the spread of fungal diseases and phylloxera, high vineyards of Tetri Kamuri were massively cultivated in Guria, especially in its eastern mountainous districts. As a strongly growing variety, people used to cultivate Kamuri around the open wine-cellar to maintain cool and shade as well as for beauty. They used it for grape that was also preserved for winter; in some villages of Guria (Sajevakho, Burnati, and Fartskhma), it was also used for making wine which was characterized with a normal level of alcohol, relatively low acidity and quite full flesh. 

Presently, the distribution area of Tetri Kamuri is very limited, as a result of the negative impact of fungal diseases and phylloxera. Only several representatives can be found in upper Guria – in Dablatsikhe, Sakvavistke, Fartskhma, Burnati, Kokhnari and Sachamiaseri. Its canopies are also to be found in Samtredia district (lower Imereti), mostly in Toleb-Sajevakho and adjacent villages. 

Based on 1953 descriptive data of vineyards, the low vineyards of Kamuri cultivated in the districts of Zestafoni and Orjonikidze have been dedicated 0. 3 hectares; high vineyards of this variety are cultivated in Chokhatauri (at 5.45 hectares land-scope) and in Samtredia (11.91 hectares). Thus, in total, Kamuri has dedicated 16.66 hectares in Western Georgia. A few vines of Tetri Kamuri are present also in collective vineyards of the Institute of Viticulture and Enology, in Telavi, Dighomi and Mukhrani. 

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION 

Tetri Kamuri was described in the village of Burnati (Chokhatauri district) where the vines are presented with their own roots formed as high vineyards. For comparison, it was also described in the village of Dablakhevi (the same district), where the vines are presented with their own roots and formed as canopies around wine-cellars. 

The young shoot - At the time of the break of buds the young shoot is whitish and slightly reddish; the cone of growth is bright-reddish and thickly covered with down. Newly opened first leaves are bright green on the topside and covered with white-greenish thick felt-like down. The margins of the leaf are slightly reddish-pink. The coating on the underside is thick and felt-like; the down is white and hairy. The petiole of the leaf is covered with a whitish hairy down that sometimes takes on a reddish hue. The following second and third leaves are bright green on the topsides with a yellowish-pink hue. The coating of the second leaf is less-expressed on the topside, while the third leaf is covered with gray down. 

The young shoot is round and bright green, lightly covered with hairy down, most intensively to the tip. 

The one year sprout. The one year sprout is quite thick and brownish or dark reddish with dark brownish lines. The axils are darker in coloring and distanced from each other by 7 - 15cm.

The leaf. The developed leaf is middle-sized or larger; is round and greenish, from 17.8 to 22.3 long and 17.7 - 21.5cm wide.

The incision of the petiole is similar to an arrow, having a rounded basis; the margin consists of three or four veins; and lyre-shaped or rarely narrow elliptical incisions can occasionally be found.

The upper incision of a leaf is slightly cut or creates quite an acute angle, while the lower incision is more superficial.

There are three major margins on a leaf; the margin of the tip creates a right or rarely an obtuse angle to the blade.

The teeth of margin tips are triangular and have rounded tips or are convex; rarely, rounded triangular or saw-like teeth. 

The underside of the leaf is covered with a thick felt-like coating. The topside is wrinkled like a net; but can also be smooth-surfaced. The blade is flat or channel-like. The major veins are quite strongly downy and are bright green.

The proportion of the petiole to the major vein is 0.9 - 1.0; the petiole is bare and bright green, slightly reddish.

The flower. The flower is hermaphroditic, consisting of well-developed pistil and stamens. Stamens are quite deviated from the pistil and are longer than it. There are 5, rarely 4 or 6 stamens in a flower. The number of flowers in an inflorescence ranges from 250 - 630.

The bunch. The pedicel of a bunch is 5 - 8cm long. The bunch is 13 - 21cm long and 9 - 12cm wide. There are 70 - 80 berries on a bunch.

The general shape of a bunch is cone-cylindrical, sometime it is quite branched. The bunch is thin, with a slightly wooded pedicel near to the sprout, which is sometimes grass-like along the whole length and bright green.

The grain. The pedicel of the grain, including the receptacle, is 6 - 8cm long. The receptacle is bright green with a rust-colored hue. It is often smooth or slightly wrinkled, and is wide cone-shaped or rarely narrow cone-shaped. The berry is firmly attached to the receptacle.

The berry is greenish, to the face of the sun – a yellowish-amber color. The berry is middle-sized or larger, about 17mm long and 14.2mm wide, is longish-oval in shape, wider in the middle part. It has a rounded end and is symmetrical. The berry is thick-skinned and solid, fleshy, with a very pleasant sweet taste; and has wax on the skin.

The seed. There are 1-4, often two seeds in a grain. The length of a seed is 7 - 7.5mm, while the width – 3 - 3.5mm. The seed is bright brown, to the inside and around the beak- yellow. The basis is placed in the middle of the rear. The seed is longish-oval and smooth on the back. The beak is yellowish, about 1.5 - 2cm long.

AGRO-BIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

Observations of the biological phases of Tetri Kamuri were conducted in the villages of Burnati and Dablatsikhe (Chokhatauri district).

In the village of Dubrnati, the vines are formed as high vineyards on land that is inclined to the south, consisting of red podsolic soils. In Dablatsikhe village, the vines are formed as canopies, on a plain area that is situated on the right bank of the river Sufsa.

Below are presented the 5-year mean characteristics of the course of vegetation phases of Tetri Kamuri (see Table 1).

As Table 1 indicates, the duration of the vegetation period from the break of buds to the full ripening of the grape varies from 197 to 201 days, while the entire vegetation period totals 240 days. The awakening of the vine begins from the first days of April, the break of buds and development of sprouts begins from 8 - 10 April; the blooming lasts from 2 - 4 June to 18 June. The ripening of the grape occurs on 24 - 26 August, while the ripening on 2 - 25 October. The leaf-fall begins from the second half of November and ends in the first days of December.

In the subtropical climate conditions of Guria, where the vegetation period lasts longer and is fixed at a considerable sum of active temperatures, the green masses of the vine successfully reaches maturity and ripens.

The strength of growth. Tetri Kamuri has shown good characteristics of growth and development in relatively equal conditions and is tended to climbing. High vines of this variety, even without care, can generate 2 - 2.5m long sprouts and sometimes longer; while, if cultivated and properly cared for, the length of sprouts can be 4m and more. Therefore, Tetri Kamuri can be classified as a strongly growing grapevine variety.

The productivity. Observation indicates that the productivity of high vineyards of Tetri Kamuri depends on the weather and climate conditions; in suitable weather, it can provide 30 - 40kg of grape per vine. It is said that, in the past, this grapevine variety provided 70 - 80kg grape and more, but this was before the spread of phylloxera and fungal diseases. Two bunches generate on a shoot. Old parts of the vine do not evolve productive sprouts.

Resistance to fungal diseases and pests. Warm and surplus sediments in Guria foster the conditions for the spread of fungal diseases that cause great damage to Tetri Kamuri. Fungal diseases are especially hazardous in damp and less sun-lit lands where the vineyards of Tetri Kamuri can be completely destroyed. To overcome this problem, the spraying of Bordeaux mixture and phosphorus should be considered as obligatory steps. 

Observations of the resistance to phylloxera have not been conducted, however, the picture of its distribution and development imply that this is a variety very vulnerable to the influence of phylloxera. For example in Guria, where, in the past, this grapevine variety was widely distributed and cultivated as canopies for even decorative reasons, today is represented only by a few vines which are gradually becoming more degraded from year to year. For this reason, the planting of Tetri Kamuri on its own roots should be avoided.

Response to the environment and specificity of agro-techniques. Based on observations over many years, Tetri Kamuri is not sensitive to ecological conditions. If we do not take its high vulnerability to fungal diseases into account; this grapevine variety can successfully develop as well in lowland areas as in hilly, mountainous places and on different types of expositions. Its high adaptability refers also to soil varieties, as Tetri Kamuri can develop as well on weak, podsolic (in the villages of Fartskhma, Burnati, Kokhnari, and Sachamiaseri), as on clay and alluvial soils (in Chokhatauri district). However its production is specifically valuable and qualitative if cultivated on southern or south-eastern facing slopes and sun-lit weak-podsolic soils. In such places, the impact of fungal diseases is lessened and grape bunches and berries are very beautiful and valuable. 

Since Guria is not characterized with winter and spring frosts, the ripened masse of the vine develops normally without any difficulties. Tetri Kamuri, as a strongly growing grapevine variety, used to be formed as high vineyards for centuries of generating and selecting. However, the harvest of high vineyards was decreased because of difficulties in caring; to facilitate the cultivation of vines and get high productivity, relatively low forms should be used with heavy loading, for example the Georgian form (called “Olikhnari”) with 1m height of vines and by creating 4 - 5 forming rings on old arms, also a form – consisting of many hangers – by leaving 3 - 4 forming rings.

AGRO-TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

With its agricultural use, Tetri Kamuri is dedicated to the high quality table grape; however it can also be used for the making of wine.

The grape samples for the mechanical-chemical analysis were selected in the villages of Burnati and Dablatsikhe (Chokhatauri district). In Table 2 are presented the findings of the mechanical analysis of the grape.

As the given data indicates, the grape structure- based on two samples -are the same. The average weight of a bunch is 165 - 166.5g; of a scion 6.7 - 7.6g; of seeds 7.7-8g; while of skins 19.2 - 20.1g. The weight of the general pomace, consisting of scion, seeds, and skins is 34.5 - 34.8g, about 20.9%, while the remaining is concentrated juice– 79%.

The weight of a large bunch is 230g; of small 2125g. 100 berries weigh about 250 - 255g; there are 247 seeds in 100 berries weighing 17g; out of which 5% are one-seeded, 49% - two-seeded, 40% - three-seeded, and 6% - four-seeded. The weight of the skins of 100 berries is 25g.

By the full ripening time, the grape contains 19 - 20% sugar and 8% general acidity.

Grapes left on a vine can last until the end of December, while, after picking, until the early spring.

GENERAL EVALUATION AND DISTRIBUTION BY DISTRICT

With high quality production, value in taste, good transportability, and beauty of bunches and berries, Tetri Kamuri belongs to the quality table (consumption) grape grapevine variety. Its production can also be successfully used for the making of original type wines.

In addition, this grapevine variety is distinguished with strong growth and high productivity.

To maintain higher productivity the forming of vines as canopies of generally high vineyards should be recommended, for example by the use of two-sided cordon by giving four forming rings or the form consisting of many hangers by leaving 3 - 4 fruiting-buds.

As this grapevine variety is characterized with vulnerability to both powdery and downy mildews, it requires the administration of Bordeaux mixture 5 - 6 times and phosphorus 3 times.

The cultivation of Tetri Kamiri should be recommended widely in the following micro-districts of Guria:

a) In the Kokhnar-Sachamiaseri zone: in Burnati, Kokhnari, Nakaduli, Kvemokheti, Chometi, Gantiadi, Mamulari and Kalagoni;

b) In the Dablatsikhe-Zomleti and Ianoul-Berejouli zones: in Dablatsikhe, Sakvavitke, Burnati, Fartskha, Akhalsofeli, Ganakhleba, Gogoleisubani, Sameba, Vani, Zomleti, Ianouli, Kvemo Onchiketi, Kvemo Erketi and Chaisubani.

c) In the Nigoit-Shukhuti and Chibat-Chochkhati zones: in Chkonagora, Cholobargi, Nigoiti, Zemo Shukhuti, Shromisubani, Moedani, Khoreti, Tsiteli Ubani, Guliani, Kviani, Kvemo Shukhuti, Lashisghele, Lanchkhuti, Gvimbalauri, Jurukveti, Ninoshvili, Akhalsopeli and Ormeti.

d) In the Aket-Mamati zone: in Chanchati, Kvemo Aketi, Zemo Aketi, Atsani, Mamati and Gaguri.

This grapevine variety is also prospective to be cultivated in the districts of upper Imereti and Adjara. To control the negative influence of phylloxera, the vines should be grafted on phylloxera-resistant rootstocks.

Kamuri Tetri

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Description:

                                                 KAMURI TETRI

Tetri Kamuri is an indigenous white grapevine variety of Guria used as a high quality table grape and also for making quality table white wines for local use. 

In literature sources, as well as among the population of Guria and Imereti, this grapevine variety is known by the names: Tetri Kamura, Kamura, and Kamura Grape. 

Written accounts about its origin and evolution are not available; only a brief characterization is found in literature sources from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, for example, in the published work of Prof. Piulia (10), and in the ampehographic work by agr. V. Staroselski (9). Il. Bakhtadze, in the List of Grapevine Varieties of the Former Shorapani District, mentions Tetri (white) and Shavi (black) Kamuri (6). Prof. S. Cholokashvili gave a description of Tetri Kamuri in his work and classified it as a representative of table grape varieties of Guria (4). Agr. Er. Nakashidze (7) also pointed to the distribution area of it and included it on the list of white grapevine varieties of Guria. Based on these authors, acad. Iv. Javakhishvili considered Tetri Kamuri as being an indigenous vine of Guria and Imereti (5). 

Tetri Kamuri was explored in upper Guria and lower Imereti. This grapevine variety is different from the Tetri Kamuri described by V. Staroslavsky in some of its botanical and agricultural characteristics. For example, according to Staroslavsky, the underside of a leaf is slightly coated, the mature sprout is polyhedral and covered with a few bumps, the moustache is 30cm long, the berry – thin-skinned, covered with black spots. He classifies it as usable for making light, sparkling, sweet wines. 

Tetri Kamuri as was found in Guria and lower Imereti, is not characterized with these traits. It is thought that V. Staroslavsky described one of the variations of Kamuri or another grapevine variety by the name Kamuri. 

It is fully recognized how important the exploration is of botanical and agro-biological characteristics to reveal and learn the origin of any grapevine variety and to decide whether it is indigenous or not. For this reason, Kamuri was studied by the authors, after which it was revealed that, with its characteristics (the strength of growth, the duration of the vegetation period, late ripening , type of flower, structure of bunch and grain) it belongs to the grapevine family of Kolkheti. Its old exemplars can be found only in upper Guria wherein the high vineyards of Kamuri were cultivated extensively in the past, for this it is strongly believed that Tetri Kamuri is an indigenous grapevine variety of Guria. 

Before the spread of fungal diseases and phylloxera, high vineyards of Tetri Kamuri were massively cultivated in Guria, especially in its eastern mountainous districts. As a strongly growing variety, people used to cultivate Kamuri around the open wine-cellar to maintain cool and shade as well as for beauty. They used it for grape that was also preserved for winter; in some villages of Guria (Sajevakho, Burnati, and Fartskhma), it was also used for making wine which was characterized with a normal level of alcohol, relatively low acidity and quite full flesh. 

Presently, the distribution area of Tetri Kamuri is very limited, as a result of the negative impact of fungal diseases and phylloxera. Only several representatives can be found in upper Guria – in Dablatsikhe, Sakvavistke, Fartskhma, Burnati, Kokhnari and Sachamiaseri. Its canopies are also to be found in Samtredia district (lower Imereti), mostly in Toleb-Sajevakho and adjacent villages. 

Based on 1953 descriptive data of vineyards, the low vineyards of Kamuri cultivated in the districts of Zestafoni and Orjonikidze have been dedicated 0. 3 hectares; high vineyards of this variety are cultivated in Chokhatauri (at 5.45 hectares land-scope) and in Samtredia (11.91 hectares). Thus, in total, Kamuri has dedicated 16.66 hectares in Western Georgia. A few vines of Tetri Kamuri are present also in collective vineyards of the Institute of Viticulture and Enology, in Telavi, Dighomi and Mukhrani. 

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION 

Tetri Kamuri was described in the village of Burnati (Chokhatauri district) where the vines are presented with their own roots formed as high vineyards. For comparison, it was also described in the village of Dablakhevi (the same district), where the vines are presented with their own roots and formed as canopies around wine-cellars. 

The young shoot - At the time of the break of buds the young shoot is whitish and slightly reddish; the cone of growth is bright-reddish and thickly covered with down. Newly opened first leaves are bright green on the topside and covered with white-greenish thick felt-like down. The margins of the leaf are slightly reddish-pink. The coating on the underside is thick and felt-like; the down is white and hairy. The petiole of the leaf is covered with a whitish hairy down that sometimes takes on a reddish hue. The following second and third leaves are bright green on the topsides with a yellowish-pink hue. The coating of the second leaf is less-expressed on the topside, while the third leaf is covered with gray down. 

The young shoot is round and bright green, lightly covered with hairy down, most intensively to the tip. 

The one year sprout. The one year sprout is quite thick and brownish or dark reddish with dark brownish lines. The axils are darker in coloring and distanced from each other by 7 - 15cm.

The leaf. The developed leaf is middle-sized or larger; is round and greenish, from 17.8 to 22.3 long and 17.7 - 21.5cm wide.

The incision of the petiole is similar to an arrow, having a rounded basis; the margin consists of three or four veins; and lyre-shaped or rarely narrow elliptical incisions can occasionally be found.

The upper incision of a leaf is slightly cut or creates quite an acute angle, while the lower incision is more superficial.

There are three major margins on a leaf; the margin of the tip creates a right or rarely an obtuse angle to the blade.

The teeth of margin tips are triangular and have rounded tips or are convex; rarely, rounded triangular or saw-like teeth. 

The underside of the leaf is covered with a thick felt-like coating. The topside is wrinkled like a net; but can also be smooth-surfaced. The blade is flat or channel-like. The major veins are quite strongly downy and are bright green.

The proportion of the petiole to the major vein is 0.9 - 1.0; the petiole is bare and bright green, slightly reddish.

The flower. The flower is hermaphroditic, consisting of well-developed pistil and stamens. Stamens are quite deviated from the pistil and are longer than it. There are 5, rarely 4 or 6 stamens in a flower. The number of flowers in an inflorescence ranges from 250 - 630.

The bunch. The pedicel of a bunch is 5 - 8cm long. The bunch is 13 - 21cm long and 9 - 12cm wide. There are 70 - 80 berries on a bunch.

The general shape of a bunch is cone-cylindrical, sometime it is quite branched. The bunch is thin, with a slightly wooded pedicel near to the sprout, which is sometimes grass-like along the whole length and bright green.

The grain. The pedicel of the grain, including the receptacle, is 6 - 8cm long. The receptacle is bright green with a rust-colored hue. It is often smooth or slightly wrinkled, and is wide cone-shaped or rarely narrow cone-shaped. The berry is firmly attached to the receptacle.

The berry is greenish, to the face of the sun – a yellowish-amber color. The berry is middle-sized or larger, about 17mm long and 14.2mm wide, is longish-oval in shape, wider in the middle part. It has a rounded end and is symmetrical. The berry is thick-skinned and solid, fleshy, with a very pleasant sweet taste; and has wax on the skin.

The seed. There are 1-4, often two seeds in a grain. The length of a seed is 7 - 7.5mm, while the width – 3 - 3.5mm. The seed is bright brown, to the inside and around the beak- yellow. The basis is placed in the middle of the rear. The seed is longish-oval and smooth on the back. The beak is yellowish, about 1.5 - 2cm long.

AGRO-BIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

Observations of the biological phases of Tetri Kamuri were conducted in the villages of Burnati and Dablatsikhe (Chokhatauri district).

In the village of Dubrnati, the vines are formed as high vineyards on land that is inclined to the south, consisting of red podsolic soils. In Dablatsikhe village, the vines are formed as canopies, on a plain area that is situated on the right bank of the river Sufsa.

Below are presented the 5-year mean characteristics of the course of vegetation phases of Tetri Kamuri (see Table 1).

As Table 1 indicates, the duration of the vegetation period from the break of buds to the full ripening of the grape varies from 197 to 201 days, while the entire vegetation period totals 240 days. The awakening of the vine begins from the first days of April, the break of buds and development of sprouts begins from 8 - 10 April; the blooming lasts from 2 - 4 June to 18 June. The ripening of the grape occurs on 24 - 26 August, while the ripening on 2 - 25 October. The leaf-fall begins from the second half of November and ends in the first days of December.

In the subtropical climate conditions of Guria, where the vegetation period lasts longer and is fixed at a considerable sum of active temperatures, the green masses of the vine successfully reaches maturity and ripens.

The strength of growth. Tetri Kamuri has shown good characteristics of growth and development in relatively equal conditions and is tended to climbing. High vines of this variety, even without care, can generate 2 - 2.5m long sprouts and sometimes longer; while, if cultivated and properly cared for, the length of sprouts can be 4m and more. Therefore, Tetri Kamuri can be classified as a strongly growing grapevine variety.

The productivity. Observation indicates that the productivity of high vineyards of Tetri Kamuri depends on the weather and climate conditions; in suitable weather, it can provide 30 - 40kg of grape per vine. It is said that, in the past, this grapevine variety provided 70 - 80kg grape and more, but this was before the spread of phylloxera and fungal diseases. Two bunches generate on a shoot. Old parts of the vine do not evolve productive sprouts.

Resistance to fungal diseases and pests. Warm and surplus sediments in Guria foster the conditions for the spread of fungal diseases that cause great damage to Tetri Kamuri. Fungal diseases are especially hazardous in damp and less sun-lit lands where the vineyards of Tetri Kamuri can be completely destroyed. To overcome this problem, the spraying of Bordeaux mixture and phosphorus should be considered as obligatory steps. 

Observations of the resistance to phylloxera have not been conducted, however, the picture of its distribution and development imply that this is a variety very vulnerable to the influence of phylloxera. For example in Guria, where, in the past, this grapevine variety was widely distributed and cultivated as canopies for even decorative reasons, today is represented only by a few vines which are gradually becoming more degraded from year to year. For this reason, the planting of Tetri Kamuri on its own roots should be avoided.

Response to the environment and specificity of agro-techniques. Based on observations over many years, Tetri Kamuri is not sensitive to ecological conditions. If we do not take its high vulnerability to fungal diseases into account; this grapevine variety can successfully develop as well in lowland areas as in hilly, mountainous places and on different types of expositions. Its high adaptability refers also to soil varieties, as Tetri Kamuri can develop as well on weak, podsolic (in the villages of Fartskhma, Burnati, Kokhnari, and Sachamiaseri), as on clay and alluvial soils (in Chokhatauri district). However its production is specifically valuable and qualitative if cultivated on southern or south-eastern facing slopes and sun-lit weak-podsolic soils. In such places, the impact of fungal diseases is lessened and grape bunches and berries are very beautiful and valuable. 

Since Guria is not characterized with winter and spring frosts, the ripened masse of the vine develops normally without any difficulties. Tetri Kamuri, as a strongly growing grapevine variety, used to be formed as high vineyards for centuries of generating and selecting. However, the harvest of high vineyards was decreased because of difficulties in caring; to facilitate the cultivation of vines and get high productivity, relatively low forms should be used with heavy loading, for example the Georgian form (called “Olikhnari”) with 1m height of vines and by creating 4 - 5 forming rings on old arms, also a form – consisting of many hangers – by leaving 3 - 4 forming rings.

AGRO-TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

With its agricultural use, Tetri Kamuri is dedicated to the high quality table grape; however it can also be used for the making of wine.

The grape samples for the mechanical-chemical analysis were selected in the villages of Burnati and Dablatsikhe (Chokhatauri district). In Table 2 are presented the findings of the mechanical analysis of the grape.

As the given data indicates, the grape structure- based on two samples -are the same. The average weight of a bunch is 165 - 166.5g; of a scion 6.7 - 7.6g; of seeds 7.7-8g; while of skins 19.2 - 20.1g. The weight of the general pomace, consisting of scion, seeds, and skins is 34.5 - 34.8g, about 20.9%, while the remaining is concentrated juice– 79%.

The weight of a large bunch is 230g; of small 2125g. 100 berries weigh about 250 - 255g; there are 247 seeds in 100 berries weighing 17g; out of which 5% are one-seeded, 49% - two-seeded, 40% - three-seeded, and 6% - four-seeded. The weight of the skins of 100 berries is 25g.

By the full ripening time, the grape contains 19 - 20% sugar and 8% general acidity.

Grapes left on a vine can last until the end of December, while, after picking, until the early spring.

GENERAL EVALUATION AND DISTRIBUTION BY DISTRICT

With high quality production, value in taste, good transportability, and beauty of bunches and berries, Tetri Kamuri belongs to the quality table (consumption) grape grapevine variety. Its production can also be successfully used for the making of original type wines.

In addition, this grapevine variety is distinguished with strong growth and high productivity.

To maintain higher productivity the forming of vines as canopies of generally high vineyards should be recommended, for example by the use of two-sided cordon by giving four forming rings or the form consisting of many hangers by leaving 3 - 4 fruiting-buds.

As this grapevine variety is characterized with vulnerability to both powdery and downy mildews, it requires the administration of Bordeaux mixture 5 - 6 times and phosphorus 3 times.

The cultivation of Tetri Kamiri should be recommended widely in the following micro-districts of Guria:

a) In the Kokhnar-Sachamiaseri zone: in Burnati, Kokhnari, Nakaduli, Kvemokheti, Chometi, Gantiadi, Mamulari and Kalagoni;

b) In the Dablatsikhe-Zomleti and Ianoul-Berejouli zones: in Dablatsikhe, Sakvavitke, Burnati, Fartskha, Akhalsofeli, Ganakhleba, Gogoleisubani, Sameba, Vani, Zomleti, Ianouli, Kvemo Onchiketi, Kvemo Erketi and Chaisubani.

c) In the Nigoit-Shukhuti and Chibat-Chochkhati zones: in Chkonagora, Cholobargi, Nigoiti, Zemo Shukhuti, Shromisubani, Moedani, Khoreti, Tsiteli Ubani, Guliani, Kviani, Kvemo Shukhuti, Lashisghele, Lanchkhuti, Gvimbalauri, Jurukveti, Ninoshvili, Akhalsopeli and Ormeti.

d) In the Aket-Mamati zone: in Chanchati, Kvemo Aketi, Zemo Aketi, Atsani, Mamati and Gaguri.

This grapevine variety is also prospective to be cultivated in the districts of upper Imereti and Adjara. To control the negative influence of phylloxera, the vines should be grafted on phylloxera-resistant rootstocks.

Wines made from the same variety